The New Dry Eye: A Global Perspective

By Kelly K. Nichols, OD, PhD, and Gary N. Foulks, MD, FACS

1. In the Moss et al (2008) study, the 10-year incidence of dry eye was reported to be about:
a. 10 percent
b. 20 percent
c. 30 percent
d. 40 percent

2. Which is more repeatable and reliable for the diagnosis of dry eye?
a. symptoms
b. fluorescein staining
c. lissamine green staining
d. Schirmer test

3. The International Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) recommended grid to assess staining has how many corneal regions?
a. 1
b. 3
c. 5
d. 7

4. How many microliters of liquid lissamine green should be used to assess staining?
a. 6
b. 8
c. 10
d. 12

5. In the DEWS dry eye diagnosis grid for tear breakup time (TBUT), equal to or less than five seconds would indicate which severity level?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

6. The study of an older population reported a dry eye prevalence of about:
a. 0 percent to 5 percent
b. 10 percent to 15 percent
c. 20 percent to 25 percent
d. 30 percent to 35 percent

7. Of objective tests for dry eye, which has the best repeatability?
a. TBUT
b. fluorescein staining
c. lissamine green staining
d. Schirmer test

8. The DEWS recommended grid to assess staining has how many conjunctival regions?
a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 10

9. After dye instillation, about how many minutes should pass before staining assessment is made?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

10. In the DEWS dry eye diagnosis grid for Schirmer test, equal to or less than what number of millimeters over five minutes would indicate severity level 4?
a. 2
b. 5
c. 10
d. 12

11. The 1995 NEI/Industry report on clinical trials in dry eye is how many pages?
a. 12
b. 15
c. 18
d. 21

12. The DEWS report highlights how many “core mechanisms” in the etiology of dry eye?
a. 8
b. 6
c. 4
d. 2

13. An Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) of 13 or more is indicative of what dry eye level on the DEWS diagnosis grid?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

14. In TBUT assessment, generally how many readings are taken and averaged?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

15. In the NEI recommended corneal regions for the assessment of fluorescein staining, the central region is approximately:
a. 2mm
b. 4mm
c. 6mm
d. 8mm

16. The current DEWS report is how many pages?
a. 50
b. 75
c. 100
d. 125

17. Recent studies have demonstrated up to how many unique proteins in tear samples of normal patients?
a. 50
b. 75
c. 100
d. 125

18. In what year were visual symptoms first added to the definition of dry eye?
a. 1998
b. 2001
c. 2004
d. 2007

19. How many microliters of liquid fluorescein should be used to assess staining?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

20. In the DEWS dry eye diagnosis grid for lid/meibomian glands, trichiasis/keratinization would indicate which severity level?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4


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